Informaton
Technology:
•
An electronic system that
can be instructed to accept, process, store, and present data and information.
•
Computers come in four sizes:
– Microcomputers
– Midrange
computers
– Mainframes
– Supercomputers
•
Microcomputers: A
relatively compact type of computer, the most common of all, easily outsells
all other types of computers annually for use in business and at home.
•
Five types of Microcomputers:
– Desktop
Computers
– Notebook
Computers/Laptop Computers
– Tablet PCs
– Personal
Digital Assistants
– Palm PCs
•
Midrange computers and Mainframes: A computer uses to interconnect people and large sets of information.
More powerful than a microcomputer, the minicomputer is usually dedicated to
performing specific functions.
•
Supercomputers: The most powerful of all computers, supercomputers were designed to solve
problems consisting of long and difficult calculations.
•
Hardware: The computer and its associated equipment.
•
Program: Hardware: The computer and its associated equipment.
•
Program: A
set of instructions that directs a computer to perform certain tasks and
produce certain results.
•
Software: The general term for a set of instructions that controls a computer or a
communications network.
•
System: A
set of components that interact to accomplish a purpose.
•
Information System: A business information system designed to produce the information needed
for successful management of a structured problem, process, department, or
business.
•
Communication: The sending and receiving of data and information over a communications
network.
•
Communications Network: A set of locations, or nodes, consisting of hardware, programs, and
information linked together as a system that transmits and receives data and
information.
•
Data Communication: The transmission of data and information through a communications medium.
•
The capability to do something well.
•
Information technology know-how consists of:
– Familiarity
with the tools of IT; including the Internet
– Possession
of the skills needed to use these tools
– An
understanding of when to use IT to solve a problem or create an opportunity
The Principles of Information Technology/The Functions of Information
Technology
•
Capture: The
process of compiling detailed records of activities.
•
Processing: The process of converting, analyzing, computing, and synthesizing all
forms of data or information.
–
Data Processing
–
Information Processing
–
Word Processing
–
Image Processing
–
Voice Processing
•
Generation: The process of organizing information into a useful form, whether as
numbers, text, sound, or visual image.
•
Storage and Retrieval: Storage is the computer process of retaining information for future use.
Retrieval is the process by which a computer locates and copies stored data or
information for further processing or for transmission to another user.
•
Transmission: The computer process of distributing information over a communications
network.
•
Electronic Mail, or E-Mail
•
Voice Messaging, or Voice Mail
•
Solving Problems
–
Problem: A
perceived difference between an existing condition and a desired condition.
–
Problem Solving: The process of recognizing a problem, identifying alternatives for
solving it, and successfully implementing the chosen solution.
•
Television
•
Education
•
Training
•
Entertainment
•
Shipping
•
Paperwork
•
Money and Investments
•
Agriculture
•
Taxation and Accounting
•
Health and Medicine
•
Manufacturing
•
Journalism
•
Energy
•
Sports
•
To be Informed
•
To Make Proper Use of IT
•
To Safeguard
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