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Hardware (computer
hardware or devices): The computer and its associated equipment.
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Input devices
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Processors
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Output devices
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Secondary storage devices
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Input: The
data or information entered into a computer or the process of entering data or
information into the computer for processing, storage and retrieval, or
transmission.
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Keyboards
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Point-of-sale terminals
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Mouse
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Image scanners
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Bar code scanners and wands
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Microphones
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Prerecorded sources
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Bar Code: A computer-readable code consisting of bars or lines of varying widths or
lengths.
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Wand: An
input device used to read a bar code and input this information directly into a
computer.
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Multimedia: A system that contains standard PC features but also has the capability
to handle audio, video, animation, and graphics.
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Processor/Central Processing Unit (CPU): A set of electronic circuits that perform the computer’s processing
actions.
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Microprocessor: The smallest type of processor, with all of the processing capabilities
of the control unit and ALU located on a single chip.
Chip: A
collection of electronic components in a very small, self-contained package
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System Board (Mother Board): The system unit in a microcomputer, located on a board mounted on the
bottom of a computer base.
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Primary Storage (Main Memory): Storage within the computer itself. Primary memory holds data only
temporarily, as the computer executes instructions.
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Output: The
results of inputting and processing data and information returned by the
computer, either directly to the person using the system or to secondary
storage.
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Control a printer
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Direct a display
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Control another device
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Generate sounds
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Initiate transmission of information
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Secondary Storage (Auxiliary Storage): A storage medium that is external to the computer, but that can be read
by the computer; a way of storing data and information outside the computer
itself.
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Diskettes
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Zip Disks
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Hard Disks
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Optical Disks
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Magnetic Tape
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Magnetic Disks: A general term referring to two types of storage disk: the
flexible/floppy disk and the hard disk.
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Zip Disks: Similar to diskettes, but housed in a hard plastic case. These disks can
store 70 to 175 times more and can store and retrieve data more quickly than
diskettes.
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Read Only: A type of disk that information can be read from but not written onto.
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CD-ROM disk: Short for “compact disk – read only memory,” an optical storage medium
that permits storage of large amounts of information. CD-ROM disks can only be
written to and cannot be erased.
Drive: The
device containing a secondary storage medium’s read/write unit
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Peripheral Equipment: A general term used for any device that is attached to a computer system.
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Software: The general term for a set of instructions that controls a computer or a
communications network.
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Program: A
set of instructions that directs a computer to perform certain tasks and
produce certain results.
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Communication Program: A program that manages the interaction between a computer system and a
communications network and the transmission of data, programs, and information
over the network.
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